Factors such http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Perifosine.html as diet not controlled in the present study cannot Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries be discounted. Although dietary intake was significantly different between groups, 24 h dietary recall has significant limita tions with regard to precision. nutrient intake estimates can ranging from 4 to 400% when compared with observed intakes. However, work comparing 24 hr versus 3 day dietary record shows comparable results as general indicators of dietary intake. Even with the use of biomarkers dietary analysis can prove inaccurate. As this was a free living study without controlled diets 24 hr recall was Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries deemed an appropriate indicator of esti mated dietary intake patterns, however precise nutrient intake records maybe considered a limitation of the cur rent study.

Although a free living based nutritional study design is efficacious to external validity, the integration of 30 day or multiple 24 hour recall assessment could be employed to better detect dietary influences on training and hormonal adaptation. The resistance training protocol utilized in the present study effectively increased the accretion of lean Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries tissue irre spective of intervention. Increases in lean mass are con sistent with the results of previous investigations. The application of 12 weeks of resistance training was based on previous research describing the occurrence of significant muscle hypertrophy within this time frame and that significant diet related differences in muscle hypertrophy occur within this period. The results of the present study confirm these earlier studies regarding adaptive responses to diet and training.

No consistent effects were evident in the fatigue and vigor scores, although the POMS Vigor score increased signifi cantly in the highest isoflavone containing group. Although, previous work has shown improvements in mood with exercise and mood in females following isoflavone consumption, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries this is the first study to show any effect on males. Conclusion The current randomized and blinded intervention study in healthy men demonstrated that protein, irrespective of source, coupled with resistance train ing results in a significant enhancement of lean body mass. There was no significant decrease in serum andro genic hormones following supplementation with any pro tein intervention.

The biological significance of the sex hormone changes within the current study resulting from lower estradiol, and increased testosteroneestradiol ratio in response to soy and whey supplementation is unknown at this time. The isoflavone content may affect the magnitude Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of hormonal change as may the duration of dietary exposure to supplemental isoflavones. This is the first study to report low level isoflavone selleck screening library con tent in commercial whey proteins, and future studies should take this into consideration when looking to designing an isoflavone free control study.