Therefore, we decided to use PBDL for this study In BDL lobes, F

Therefore, we decided to use PBDL for this study. In BDL lobes, F4/80-positive cells were increased. The Ale-lip treatment succeeded in deleting F4/80-positive cells (Fig. 1A). Thus, Ale-lip injection can be utilized as a new tool for Kupffer cell depletion. Inflammatory cytokines mainly produced from Kupffer cells were up-regulated in BDL lobes, whereas the Ale-lip treatment markedly inhibited the production of TNF-α

and IL-1β (Fig. 1B). Kupffer cell-depleted mice showed an increase of Nutlin-3a solubility dmso injured lesion in BDL lobes and serum ALT level after the surgery (Fig. 1C). Interestingly, 24 hours after common BDL (Supporting Fig. 2) as well as PBDL (Fig. 1C), there were no significant differences in histological liver injury and elevated ALT activities between control and Kupffer cell-depleted mice. These findings indicate that Kupffer cells were not involved in the early stage of liver damage that occurs by BDL, but in the late JNK pathway inhibitors stage. As previously reported,20 treatment with TNF-α plus GalN strongly induced hepatocyte destruction and massive hemorrhage with apoptotic cells in nonligated lobes of PBDL animals, whereas hemorrhagic damage and hepatocyte apoptosis were blunted in BDL lobes (Supporting Fig. 3A-C). Kupffer cell depletion itself did not induce hepatocyte apoptosis (Supporting Fig. 3D). In Kupffer cell-depleted livers, GalN plus TNF-α treatment induced hemorrhagic liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis

with the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which is the downstream target of caspase-3, both in nonligated and BDL lobes (Fig. 2A-C). In the BDL lobes, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or Ki67-positive hepatocytes were increased with up-regulation of cyclin E expression (Fig. 2D-F), indicating that BDL induces hepatocyte regeneration. In Kupffer cell-depleted livers the expressions of PCNA, Ki67, and

cyclin E were decreased (Fig. 2D-F). Thus, Kupffer cells are important for survival and regeneration of hepatocytes after BDL. Fibrosis was induced in BDL lobes as demonstrated by Sirius red staining, hydroxyproline content, expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and desmin, MCE and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of collagen-α1(I) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (Fig. 3). Kupffer cell-depleted mice showed reduced fibrosis in BDL lobes (Fig. 3). The number and the activation of HSCs were decreased by Kupffer cell depletion as assessed by desmin and α-SMA expression, respectively. These results suggest that the decrease in the fibrogenic response by Kupffer cell depletion is due to a lack of signal from Kupffer cells to activate and proliferate HSCs. To further elucidate the mechanisms by which Kupffer cells contribute to BDL-mediated functional changes in liver injury, survival of hepatocyte, regeneration, and fibrosis, we focused on ASMase. The protein level of ASMase (Supporting Fig.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

*

You may use these HTML tags and attributes: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <strike> <strong>