19 vs. 2.30 mm) (P = 0.002). The range of stiffness is between 4,339 and 4,697 N mm−1. Stiffness tends to decrease significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing flap size. Harvest of flap sizes greater or equal than 9 cm results in significantly lower stiffness compared to the 3-cm flap. In this composite femur model, when stressed with supraphysiologic forces, the femur retains its axial stability even after harvest of large corticocancellous

flaps from its medial aspect. Statistical significance detected in deformation and stiffness may not be clinically relevant if the femur does not fracture after flap harvest. Such was the case in this experiment. The possibility exists of safely harvesting large flaps from this donor site. Corticocancellous flaps FK228 purchase from the medial aspect of the femur may serve as an alternative to standard flaps used in medium and large osseous reconstructions.

The size of flap that can be safely raised without compromising the stability of the femur has not yet been delineated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012. “
“Background: The fasciocutaneous internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) island flap allows for superior esthetical and functional skin cover in the head and neck region in combination with limited donor site morbidity. Its modification as a free flap allows reconstruction of more cranial defects. Patients and methods: Three IMAP free flaps varying from 7 × 4 cm2 to 10 × 6 cm2 were transplanted in three patients with a mean age of 59 years (range, 54–69 years). Enhancement of the flap’s vascular pedicle DMXAA manufacturer at least doubles the diameter of the internal mammary vessels to be anastomosed. Results: (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate Coverage with excellent texture and color match was uneventfully obtained and the flaps’ donor sites were primarily closed in all three cases. Conclusions: Our experience proves the consistent feasibility of successful transplantation of the IMAP free flap. Because of its characteristics, we suggest

contemplating the use of this flap in the upper head and neck region. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010. “
“In case blood perfusion compromises, vascular enhancement with arterial supercharge or venous superdrainage can increase viability of the flap. In this study, vascular pressure monitorization was used in a rat extended abdominal perforator flap model to reveal intraoperative vascular compromise and the need for vascular augmentation. A rat abdominal perforator flap was designed, which was based on the right second cranial perforator of epigastric artery. Vascular pressures of the flap were monitored continuously for 60 min, by catheters placed in the right superficial inferior epigastric artery and vein. Forty rats were divided into four experimental groups, as follows: group 1 (n = 10, no vascular augmentation), group II (n = 10, arterial supercharge), group III (n = 10, venous superdrainage), and group IV (n = 10, arterial and venous augmentation).