Expression of E-cadherin was down-regulated BAY 63-2521 upon AQP3 over-expression, and up-regulated upon AQP3 silencing. Additionally, expression levels of mesenchymal markers (vimentin and fibronectin) correlated with AQP3 expression, suggesting that AQP3 is capable of inducing EMT in human GC. We postulated that the effects of AQP3 could be attributed to its induction of EMT in cases of human

GC. PI3K signaling plays a key role in inducing and maintaining EMT. Cells expressing a constitutively active form of PKB/AKT, the most important downstream effector of PI3K signaling, induces the expression of Snail-1, which in turn represses E-cadherin gene transcription and induces EMT [10]. In the present study, we showed that AQP3 over-expression enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT in cells, whereas AQP3 down-regulation had the opposite effect. Consistently, the selleck inhibitor expression of Snail correlated with AQP3 expression levels. A specific PI3K/AKT inhibitor attenuated AQP3-induced phosphorylation of AKT and Snail expression. These preliminary results reveal that the PI3K/AKT/Snail signaling pathway is likely involved in AQP3-mediated EMT of human GC cells. Conclusions In conclusion, the collective findings from our study suggest AQP3 predicts poor prognosis in patients with GC, and that AQP3 promotes EMT in human GC cases via the

PI3K/AKT/Snail signaling pathway. Our observations have further characterized the role of AQP3 in human GC, increasing the likelihood that AQP3 could be exploited as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of GC progression, and provide an important target for therapeutic intervention. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81272711) and the 7th “Six Talent-Person-Peak Program”

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