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“Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is known to be a preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Similarly, MCI associated with small-vessel disease (svMCI), might be a forme froste of subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD). Patterns of cortical thinning in addition to the ischemia rating on MRI may further elucidate the clinical characteristics and

pathogenesis BGJ398 of SVaD and svMCI. We tried to determine if svMCI differs from SVaD in the distribution of cortical atrophy, which may help understand the hierarchy between svMCI and SVaD and possibly also how svMCI evolves into SVaD. Twenty patients with SVaD, 34 patients with svMCI, 115 patients with AD, and 96 individuals with normal-cognition (NC) were imaged with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including 3-dimensional volumetric images for cortical thickness analysis across the entire brain. Compared to NC, svMCI patients showed cortical thinning in inferior frontal and orbitofrontal gyri, Epigenetics inhibitor anterior cingulate, insula, superior temporal

gyrus, and lingual gyrus, while cortical thinning in SVaD patients involved all these areas plus dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal cortices. Our findings suggest the presence of hierarchy between svMCI and SVaD, and that the cognitive decline from svMCI to SVaD is associated with lesions in dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal cortices. “
“To examine cortical thickness and volumetric changes in the cortex of patients with polymicrogyria, using an automated image analysis algorithm. Cortical thickness of patients with polymicrogyria was measured 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cortical surface-based analysis and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. We studied 3 patients with disorder of cortical development (DCD), classified as polymicrogyria, and 15 controls. Two experienced neuroradiologists performed a conventional visual

assessment of the MRIs. The same data were analyzed using an automated algorithm for tissue segmentation and classification. Group and individual average maps of cortical thickness differences were produced by cortical surface-based statistical analysis. Patients with polymicrogyria showed increased thickness of the cortex in the same areas identified as abnormal by radiologists. We also identified a reduction in the volume and thickness of cortex within additional areas of apparently normal cortex relative to controls. Our findings indicate that there may be regions of reduced cortical thickness, which appear normal from radiological analysis, in the cortex of patients with polymicrogyria. This finding suggests that alterations in neuronal migration may have an impact in the cortical formation of the cortical areas that are visually normal. These areas are associated or occur concurrently with polymicrogyria.