Methods Patients visiting one ambulatory cancer center self-administered the two versions of the EQ-5D and the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Redistribution properties in each dimension of EQ-5D were analyzed between EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L. Informativity was evaluated using the Shannon entropy and ceiling effect. Convergent validity was evaluated by comparing the RSL 3 EQ-VAS, ECOG performance status, and EORTC QLQ-C30 subscales. Reliability was also evaluated in terms of test-retest reliability.

Results All levels of the EQ-5D-3L substantially partitioned into associated levels of the EQ-5D-5L. The average inconsistency rate of the two versions was 3.5%. Absolute informativity was higher for the EQ-5D-5L than for the EQ-5D-3L,

but their informative efficiency tended to be similar. The proportion of ‘perfect health’ (11111) decreased from 16.8% in the EQ-5D-3L to 9.7% in the EQ-5D-5L. EQ-5D-5L demonstrated similar or higher correlations with the EQ-VAS, ECOG performance status, and EORTC QLQ-C30, than the EQ-5D-3L. The intra-class correlation coefficient of the

EQ-5D-5L index was 0.77.

Conclusions ABT-737 The EQ-5D-5L had greater informativity and lower rate in the ceiling effect than those values of the EQ-5D-3L. The EQ-5D-5L showed good construct validity and reasonable reliability. Therefore, considering these findings, the EQ-5D-5L may be preferable to the EQ-5D-3L.”
“This paper models the absorption coefficients of an intermediate-band (IB) Anlotinib ic50 absorbing medium. Equilibrium absorption coefficients are presented for several IB absorbers, each distinguished by their energy-wavevector dispersion and equilibrium temperature. Nonequilibrium absorption coefficients are also presented for solar cells implemented with IB absorbers. Several simplifying

assumptions are made including that the energy- wavevector dispersions are parabolic. The model requires the absolute locations of three quasi-Fermi levels. This is made possible by using two balance equations. One of these, a charge-neutrality condition, necessitates the numerical computation of the carrier statistics in each band of the IB absorber. The use of the incomplete Fermi-Dirac functions makes this possible. The authors conclude that (i) if the concentration of intermediate states is greater than the concentration of carriers in the conduction band and greater than the concentration of carriers in the valence band, then the IB will be partially filled; (ii) an IB absorber may or may not absorb all photons with energies greater than the smallest bandgap in the system; (iii) an IB absorber may permit absorption overlap so that an absorbed photon would likely generate an electron-hole pair across a bandgap other than the largest bandgap less than the energy of the absorbed photon; (iv) as the temperature of the IB absorber approaches absolute zero, the absorption edges resulting from transitions at intermediate levels may blueshift.