We investigated surgery techniques in addition to the healing time after the second implantation, the type of second implantation (immediate or delayed replacement), the survival rate of the replaced dental implants, the crestal bone loss around the implant, and condition of the tissue surrounding the implant at the time of final follow-up.

Results. The most frequent site of implant failure was the maxillary first molar area. The percentages of cases of immediate

and delayed replacement were 48.3% and PCI-32765 in vivo 51.7%, respectively. The average healing time for patients undergoing delayed replacement was 2.40 +/- 3.06 months. No significant difference in the failure rate of the second implant was observed between the immediate and delayed replacement groups (P > .05). The failure rate of the second implant after removal of failed implant was 11.7%, and a third implantation was performed for all of the failed second implantation cases. The second and third implants all survived until the final follow-up, and thus all patients had a successful implant at the time of the final follow-up. The marginal bone loss at the final follow-up (22.00 +/-

14.56 months after implantation) was 0.33 +/- 0.49 mm, the width of attached gingiva was GDC 0032 chemical structure 1.68 +/- 2.11 mm, the plaque index was 0.81 +/- 1.05, the gingival index was 0.56 +/- 0.63, and the pocket depth was 3.33 +/- 1.21 mm.

Conclusions. Implant failure occurred most frequently in the maxillary first molar area. We can improve the survival rate of replaced dental implants after removing the initial failed implant using various bone grafting techniques and/or additional implant fixture. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;110:281-286)”
“Single-crystal Gd3Ga5O12 has been

studied at high dynamic pressures generated with plate impacts. Shock-wave profiles and Hugoniot points were measured with a picosecond time-resolved Selleck MLN4924 Doppler Pin System. For final shock pressures in the range 8.52-113 GPa, a two-wave structure is observed below 59.3 GPa, a three-wave structure at similar to 88.5 GPa, and a single shock wave is observed at similar to 113 GPa. Our data show that the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of single-crystal Gd3Ga5O12 is strongly dependent on final shock pressure. The HEL increases from 7.65 to 24.2 GPa as final pressure increases from 8.52 to 88.5 GPa. A shock-induced phase transformation is observed at a pressure of similar to 75.9 GPa, which is a little higher than the value reported previously (Mashimo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 105504, 2006), but is consistent with previous DAC work (Mao et al., Phys. Rev. B 83, 054114, 2011). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.