1988; Holm 1975; Shearer et al. 1990). Leptosphaeria was originally defined based mainly on the characters of ascospores being ellipsoid or fusoid, one to many septa, hyaline to dark brown. These few common characters meant that Leptosphaeria comprised many species, and some of them should be assigned to either Euascomycetes or Loculoascomycetes (Crane and Shearer 1991). Leptosphaeria had been divided based on host and habitat (Saccardo 1878b, 1891, 1895) as well as the pseudothecium (glabrous, hairy, setose) and ascospore septation (see comments by Crane and Shearer 1991). von Höhnel (1907) used centrum structure in the classification of Leptosphaeria, and divided Leptosphaeria into three genera, viz.

Leptosphaeria, Scleropleella and Nodulosphaeria. Müller (1950) subdivided Leptosphaeria into four sections based on pseudothecial and centrum structure as well as ascospore characters.

GSI-IX manufacturer This classification was modified by Munk (1957), who named these four sections as section I (Eu-Leptosphaeria), section II (Para-Leptosphaeria), section III (Scleropleella) and section IV (Nodulosphaeria). Holm (1957) used a relatively narrow concept for Leptosphaeria, which included species closely related to the generic type, L. doliolum. This viewpoint was accepted by some workers (Eriksson 1967a; Hedjaroude 1969; Shoemaker 1984a). Nevertheless, it still seems a heterogeneous group of fungi (see comments by Crane and Shearer 1991). Its

position among the Loculoascomycetes is also debated. It BKM120 ic50 has been placed in the Pleosporaceae (von Arx and Müller 1975; Luttrell 1973; Sivanesan 1984) or Leptosphaeriaceae (Barr 1987a, b; Eriksson and Hawksworth 1991) or Phaeosphaeriaceae (Eriksson and Hawksworth 1986). Phylogenetic study Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on multigenes indicated that species of Leptosphaeria (including the generic type L. doliolum) and Neophaeosphaeria form a paraphyletic clade with moderate bootstrap cAMP support (Dong et al. 1998; Schoch et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009a), which is sister to other families of Pleosporales (Zhang et al. 2009a). Thus the familial rank of the Leptosphaeriaceae could be temporarily verified, but further molecular phylogenetic study is needed in which more related taxa should be included. Concluding remarks Morphologically, Leptosphaeria is mostly comparable with Amarenomyces, selleck Bricookea, Diapleella, Entodesmium, Melanomma, Nodulosphaeria, Paraphaeosphaeria, Passeriniella, Phaeosphaeria and Trematosphaeria. While it prefers non-woody parts of dicotyledonous hosts, its cylindrical ascus with short pedicel and smooth, fusoid and multi-septate ascospores make it readily distinguishable from all other genera (Shoemaker 1984a). Leptosphaerulina McAlpine, Fungus diseases of stone-fruit trees in Australia and their treatment: 103 (1902). (Didymellaceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, parasitic or saprobic.