50′N, 114°05.35′E, elev. ca. 1,000 m, Rikkinen JR000594, JR000595 (H). Xinning Co., Shunhuangshan National Forest Park. Zheng Jiang Valley. Cunninghamia lanceolata/Trachycarpus fortunei stand in grazed mixed evergreen secondary forest, 24.IX.2001, 26°24′35″N, 110°59′20″
E, elev. 950 m, Rikkinen selleck products JR010543 (H). Phylogenetic analysis The fungal LSU and ITS sequences obtained from extant Chaenothecopsis specimens in this study and from GenBank were highly variable. There were no major indels in the LSU and 5.8S sequences, so these regions could be unambiguously aligned with Mafft. Conversely, the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of most species had several apparently independent indels; in some cases tens of nucleotides long. Such unambiguous regions were removed before analysis. The lengths of sequences used in the phylogentic analyses were: ITS1 137 bp (60 % of the original 227 positions), 5.8SR 155 bp (99 % of 156 positions), ITS2 130 bp (54 % of 238 positions), and partial LSU 534 bp
(97 % of 548 positions). The resulting alignment has been uploaded to TreeBase, direct accession: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S12780. The results of the phylogenetic analysis are shown in Fig. 6. The phylogeny is broadly consistent and adds to the previous results of Tibell and Vinuesa (2005) and Tuovila et al. (2011a). It places C. proliferatus in the same clade with several other Chaenothecopsis species with one-septate spores. This clade includes taxa that ATM Kinase Inhibitor datasheet grow on conifer resins, a species that grows on conifer lignum, and several species that are either lichen-parasitic or associate with free-living green algae. Fig. 6 Phylogenetic relationship of Chaenothecopsis proliferatus based on analysis of ITS and partial LSU sequences. Support values are indicated for nodes that received support from at least one method (Bayesian posterior probabilities
TNF-alpha inhibitor shown above the nodes; maximum-likelihood bootstrap values shown below the nodes). Chaenothecopsis proliferatus and C. hunanesis had a negative effect on the posterior probabilities of the tree. The values in parenthesis refer to posterior probabilities when these two species were not included in the analysis. The clade corresponding to the Mycocaliciales is shown by a vertical bar, and the resinicolous species are indicated by an asterisk. Group A species with one-septate ascospores. Groups B species with aseptate ascospores from angiosperm exudates Chaenothecopsis proliferatus and the closely related C. hunanesis Rikkinen & Tuovila (ined.) had a negative effect on the posterior probabilities of the tree. If these species were removed from the dataset, the other species showed qualitatively similar groupings with higher posterior probabilities (tree not shown).