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“BACKGROUND: Electrocoagulation is an alternative to the conventional coagulation method, to treat different MK-2206 molecular weight types of waters and wastewaters. Although there have been many reports on the technical suitability of electrocoagulation, no study has made a direct comparison of the economics of the two processes.
RESULTS: Concerning the technical feasibility, no significant differences were
found in the results achieved by the two technologies in the treatment of synthetic suspensions, emulsions and solutions of dyes, when the same values of pH and aluminium concentration were adopted in the reaction systems. Regarding the economic comparison, the electrocoagulation process presents lower operating costs for low and intermediate aluminium doses, but results depend on the particular coagulant reagent selected at high doses. The highest operational costs were obtained with conventional coagulation with aluminium sulphate (in the range 3-60 mg dm(-3) aluminium). Comparing electrocoagulation and conventional coagulation with aluminium polychloride, the electrocoagulation process presents lower operational costs for low and intermediate doses. However, this situation changes for high aluminium doses.
CONCLUSION: Coagulation and electrocoagulation techniques give very
similar yields in the removal of different types of pollutants; therefore an economic comparison is of major importance in order to recommend the use of one of the technologies. Nevertheless, this website it has to be noted that operational costs are of the same order of magnitude for the two processes. Thus, the cost of the electrocoagulation process compares favourably with that of conventional coagulation for small coagulant demands, but the results at high doses depend
on the particular coagulant reagent selected. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to transplantation tolerance and their therapeutic efficacy is well documented in animal models. Moreover, human Tregs can be identified, isolated, and expanded in short-term ex vivo cultures so that a therapeutic product Selleck SNX-5422 can be manufactured at relevant doses. Treg therapy is being planned at multiple transplant centers around the world. In this article, we review topics critical to effective implementation of Treg therapy in transplantation. We will address issues such as Treg dose, antigen specificity, and adjunct therapies required for transplant tolerance induction. We will summarize technical advances in Treg manufacturing and provide guidelines for identity and purity assurance of Treg products. Clinical trial designs and Treg manufacturing plans that incorporate the most up-to-date scientific understanding in Treg biology will be essential for harnessing the tolerogenic potential of Treg therapy in transplantation.