BS, B. subtilis 168, CA, C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, SA, S. aureus Mu50, SAG, S. agalactiae 2603 V/R, SD, S. dysgalactiae GGS_124, SE, S. equi MGCS10565, SG, S. gordonii CH1, SM, S. mutans NN2025, SP, S. parauberis KCTC 11537, SPY, S. pyogenes M1 GAS, SS, S. suis 05ZYH33, SSG, S. sanguinis SK36, ST, S. thermophilus CNRZ1066, SU, S. uberis 0140 J. Roles of PerR in H2O2 resistance in S. Suis Our sequence analysis suggested that PerR might be involved in the oxidative stress response in S. suis, and therefore we constructed a perR knockout strain (ΔperR) and a

functional complementing strain (CΔperR). The growth of the wild-type, mutant and complementary strains showed no obvious difference in TSB medium with 5% newborn bovine serum (data not shown). To characterize the roles of perR in the susceptibility of S. suis to peroxide stress, the sensitivity of the wild-type strain SC-19, mutant strain ΔperR and complementing strain p38 MAPK activity CΔperR to H2O2 was compared using an inhibition zone assay. As shown in Figure 2A, the strains SC-19 and CΔperR (about 16.3 mm

and 16.1 mm in diameter) exhibited larger inhibition zones than the ΔperR strain (about 12.7 mm in diameter) when 4 μl of 1 M H2O2 was used. To determine further the difference in H2O2 sensitivity, quantitative analysis was performed. As shown in Figure 2B, after H2O2 (10 mM) treatment, the perR mutant strain showed a higher survival rate than the wild type. The survival rate of the complementary strain ZD1839 purchase CΔperR was similar to that of the wild-type strain. These results indicated that inactivating S. suis perR led to reduced sensitivity Brigatinib cell line to H2O2. Figure 2 S. suis sensitivity to peroxide stress. (A) The H2O2 sensibility was tested by disk diffusion assay. 1 M H2O2 was used. (B) The survival rates of wild-type (WT), ΔperR, CΔperR, Δdpr and ΔperRΔdpr at every 15 min in TSB with 10 mM of H2O2 challenge. Three independent experiments were performed.

Transcriptional regulation by PerR in S. Suis PerR has been recognized as an important regulator in bacteria. In order to identify members of the PerR regulon in S. suis, according to the consensus sequence of the PerR-box in S. pyogenes and B. subtilis (NTANAANNATTNTAN) [21, 22], we screened for putative PerR-boxes in the −500 to +50 sequences of all the genes/selleck products operons in the S. suis 05ZYH33 genome. 12 predicted binding sites and 19 supposed target genes and operons were identified. The transcriptional levels of all 19 supposed target genes and operons (including dpr metQ relA and pmtA) containing prospective PerR-box in the promoters were compared between the strains SC-19 and ΔperR by real-time RT-PCR (Table 1). Only three genes dpr (Dps-like peroxide resistance protein), relA (GTP pyrophosphokinase) and metQ (methionine transporter) were significantly upregulated (≥two-fold) in ΔperR (Figure 3A).