Consequently, more effective nutritional strategies need to be discovered. In the present study, the effects of eFT-508 concentration BCAA supplementation combined with taurine on a highly intense ECC-induced DOMS and muscle damage were investigated via a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trial, because taurine was reported to decrease oxidative stress induced by ECC [16]. In ECC-induced DOMS and muscle damage, subjective and objective parameters including VAS scores, CIR, and serum levels of LDH and 8-OHdG were significantly improved by the combination of

BCAA and taurine supplementation. This combined supplementation also tended to improve serum CK and aldolase activities, but not significantly. These parameters, especially serum CK activity, have a high degree of individual biological variability, and it is difficult to demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the small number of subjects [3]. Overall, the present study demonstrated that combined supplementation with BCAA and taurine is beneficial for see more reducing ECC-induced DOMS and muscle damage. However, it was impossible to determine whether the combined effects were due to the

synergistic effect of both BCAA and taurine or the sum of the individual effects. Compared with the effectiveness of BCAA supplementation on exercise-induced muscle soreness and damage reported in previous studies [4, 7, 9, 22, 25], BCAA supplementation alone was not sufficient to effectively inhibit muscle soreness and damage in the present study. This discrepancy might be due to differences in the exercise protocol (intensity and type) and the supplemental regimen (duration and dose). In a previous study by Shimomura et al., the authors recognized that the intensity was low in a squatting exercise where subjects used only their body weight because the changes in the levels of serum muscle damage markers, including CK and myoglobin, were very small over the three days following exercise [7, 8]. On the other hand, repeated arm extensions with

weight loads of 90% MVC in the present study caused a significant increase in serum muscle damage markers in the placebo group, thereby implying higher exercise intensity. Fludarabine The present findings with this higher intensity suggest that a combination of BCAA and taurine taken during high-intensity exercise may prevent severe muscle soreness and damage that cannot be attenuated by BCAA alone. In addition to exercise intensity, the amount of oral BCAA intake is one of the important factors for preventing exercise-induced muscle soreness and damage. Shimomura et al. suggested that the BCAA dose should be adjusted according to body mass to at least 92–100 mg/kg because the inhibitive effects of BCAA on DOMS and muscle damage were greater in females than in males [7, 8]. The BCAA dose in the present study should be sufficient because daily BCAA supplementation at 9.6 g/day worked out to 145.67 ± 5.3 mg/kg.