Fluid challenge consisting of 250 ml of either bicarbonate Ringer solution (BRS) or low molecular weight pentastarch (HES 70/0.5) was given to maintain stroke volume index > 35 ml/m(2). The context of fluid challenge was classified as related to either epidural block (EB) or blood loss (BL) or as nonspecific. The primary end point was

the interval between index fluid challenge and the next fluid challenge, and the secondary end point was the hemodynamic parameter at the end of fluid challenge. Differences in these parameters in each clinical context were compared between BRS and HES 70/0.5. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Eighty-eight, 77, and 127 fluid challenges AZD4547 concentration were classified as related to EB and BL and as nonspecific, respectively. In the nonspecific condition, the median (range) interval after fluid challenge with HES 70/0.5 and BRS was 45 (11-162) min and 18 (8-44) min, respectively, Selleck SB202190 and the difference was statistically significant. Also, mean arterial pressure and stroke volume index significantly increased, whereas stroke volume variation significantly decreased after fluid challenge with HES 70/0.5 compared with BRS. Such differences were not observed in the other situations.

Conclusions HES 70/0.5 exerted larger volume effects

than did crystalloid under nonspecific conditions. However, similar volume effects were observed during volume loss and extensive sympathetic blockade.”
“In this study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) on the postnatal development of Swiss Webster mice. Females were treated by gavage (0, 7.5 15 and 30 mg TPTH/kg/day) on days 6-17 of gestation. After birth, the progeny was examined for deaths, body weight gain and appearance of developmental landmarks. On postnatal day 50, one male and one female of each litter were inoculated with Plasmodium yoelii and the time-course

of infection was monitored. TPTH was embryolethal at doses >= 15 mg/kg/day. Body weight ZD1839 inhibitor at birth was decreased, but no alteration of pup body weight was observed after postnatal day 5. Except for an advancement of incisor eruption in the group treated with 15 mg/kg/day, no alteration of somatic development was noted. A shorter latency to peak parasitemia and a reduced malaria-induced spleen enlargement were observed in mice prenatally exposed to TPTH. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to TPTH at doses >= 15 mg/kg enhanced neonatal lethality, reduced pup birth weight and interfered with the response to infection with P. yoelii in adulthood. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 629-635, 2009.”
“Despite the beneficial hypoglycemic and potentially curative effects in type 2 diabetes, large stomach volume deficits caused by Roux-en-Y gastrointestinal bypass (RYGB) surgery increase complications.