Mapping of such areas in real-time will identify likely areas for RVF transmission and permit planning for targeted surveillance and control efforts. Using both current and empirical historical information from eco-climatic selleck chem data, maps can be plotted of the likelihood of currently unaffected regions to have transmission within the next 30, 60, and 90 days. Such areas can be prioritized for targeted surveillance and mosquito control activities. 6. Use of high spatial resolution mapping of areas at risk. Using the risk maps outputs in (e) above, selective high spatial resolution satellite data for example from LANDSAT, MODIS, or IKONOS can be used to identify flooded regions in RVF endemic areas of any target region. Radar data can be particularly useful during periods of high cloud cover, which are likely over the next several months during a high-risk period.

11 Flooded areas will likely serve as the source of new RVFV transmission and can be targeted for immature and adult mosquito control. 7. Use most efficient state-of-the-art adult mosquito traps and mosquito attractants for mosquito surveillance. Mosquito control strategies. Adult mosquito control is useful for a quick knockdown of adults. However, it is important to recognize that adulticide application must be performed at the time when potential mosquito vectors are active, and under appropriate weather conditions so that the insecticide reaches the target mosquitoes near the ground or in vegetation. In the case of RVFV vectors, Aedes species are active during the day and in crepuscular periods, whereas Culex species are primarily active in crepuscular and night conditions.

Adult control can temporarily reduce RVFV transmission to animals and humans by interrupting the epidemic cycle as depicted in Figure 1. Reducing the number of infected adult mosquitoes able to transmit RVFV to animals and humans (Figure 1, at critical pathway 3��) and reducing the number of adults able to deposit eggs after a blood meal into immature habitats (Figure 1, at critical pathway 1��) is critical to success. Larval mosquito control is useful for preventing any emergence of adult mosquitoes if used prior to flooding or stopping additional production of adults if applied after flooding (Figure 1, at critical pathway 2��). 1. Conduct adult mosquito control in areas with elevated threat of RVF disease. a.

Appropriate use of ground and aerial ULV products should be very effective in the quick knockdown of mosquito vectors and could be used to impede or stop RVFV transmission over small or large areas. The organophosphate Batimastat Naled produced as Dibrom? (Amvac Chemical Corp., Axis, AL) is inexpensive and effective. Synthetic pyrethroids including synergized sumithrin as Anvil? (Clarke, Roselle, IL) are almost as inexpensive as Dibrom and are effective in quick knockdown. b. Effective use of barrier sprays to homes and adjacent vegetation can be used to protect animal and human populations.