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“Objective.-This paper describes a new electrode placement for recording compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) of the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) to determine the distal motor Dasatinib concentration latency (DML) and study nerve conduction of the ulnar nerve across the wrist.

Methods.-The DML to the FDI was evaluated bilaterally in 90 subjects after stimulation 1 cm proximal

to the distal wrist crease and at the palm. The CMAP was recorded with a pair of disposable surface electrodes fixed over the FDI and wrist.

Results.-The CMAP never exhibited a positive initial deflection, with a gain of 0.5 mV per division. DmL to the FDI was 2.65 +/- 0.26 ms (mean +/- SD), and CMAP amplitude was 14.7 +/- 3.3

mV. A prolonged DML was taken as 3.4 ms (mean + 3 standard deviation [SD]).

Conclusions.-This new electrode placement offers more reproducible results for determining the DML to the FDI as it provides the shortest DML, and the tightest SD values.

Significance.-This result is obtained through the respect of fundamental rules for CMAP recording, as it shows no positive wave at the onset of the CMAP of the FDI. Its use should improve the diagnosis of ulnar nerve lesions at the wrist and more especially of the deep motor branch. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a transmissible lung cancer of sheep caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). The details of early check details events in the pathogenesis Rapamycin solubility dmso of OPA are not fully understood. For example, the identity of the JSRV target cell in the lung has not yet been determined. Mature OPA tumors express surfactant protein-C (SP-C) or Clara cell-specific protein (CCSP), which are specific markers of type II pneumocytes or Clara cells, respectively. However, it is unclear whether these are the cell types initially infected and transformed by JSRV or whether the virus targets stem cells in the lung

that subsequently acquire a differentiated phenotype during tumor growth. To examine this question, JSRV-infected lung tissue from experimentally infected lambs was studied at early time points after infection. Single JSRV-infected cells were detectable 10 days postinfection in bronchiolar and alveolar regions. These infected cells were labeled with anti-SP-C or anti-CCSP antibodies, indicating that differentiated epithelial cells are early targets for JSRV infection in the ovine lung. In addition, undifferentiated cells that expressed neither SP-C nor CCSP were also found to express the JSRV Env protein. These results enhance the understanding of OPA pathogenesis and may have comparative relevance to human lung cancer, for which samples representing early stages of tumor growth are difficult to obtain.”
“Aims of the study.