pseudomallei invasion into A549 epithelial cells, suggesting that it is an important virulence

factor of the pathogen. Selleckchem Veliparib BopC is conserved in B. pseudomallei and B. mallei, but absent from the related avirulent B. thailandensis. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that the acquisition of BopC was an important step in the evolution of the pathogenic Burkholderia spp. We gratefully acknowledge a financial support from the National Science and Technology Development Agency (Grant No. BT-B-01-MG-14-5123 to S.K.) and the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD0151/2549 to S.M. and S.K.). G.N.S is supported by a grant from MRC. N.L.A. is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust. Tanapol Wangteeraprasert is acknowledged for his support on construction of pTrc1517His. S.M. and S.K. contributed equally to this work. “
“One of the issues facing the nuclear power industry is how to store spent nuclear fuel which

is contaminated with radionuclides produced during nuclear fission, including caesium (134Cs+, 135Cs+ and 137Cs+) and cobalt (60Co2+). In this study, we have isolated Co2+- and Cs+-resistant bacteria from water collected from a nuclear fuel storage pond. The most resistant Cs+ and Co2+ isolates grew in the presence of 500 mM CsCl and 3 mM CoCl2. Strain Cs67-2 is resistant to fourfold more Cs+ than Cupriavidus Bortezomib solubility dmso metallidurans str. CH34 making it the most Cs+-resistant strain identified to date. The Cs+-resistant isolates were closely related to bacteria in the Serratia and Yersinia genera, while the Co2+-resistant isolates were closely related to the Curvibacter and Tardiphaga genera. These new isolates could be used for bioremediation. “
“Long-term spaceflights will eventually become an inevitable occurrence. Previous studies have indicated that oral infectious diseases, including dental caries, were more prevalent in astronauts due to the

effect of microgravity. However, the impact of the space environment, especially the microgravity environment, on the virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans, a major caries-associated bacterium, is yet to be explored. In the present BCKDHA study, we investigated the impact of simulated microgravity on the physiology and biofilm structure of S. mutans. We also explored the dual-species interaction between S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis under a simulated microgravity condition. Results indicated that the simulated microgravity condition can enhance the acid tolerance ability, modify the biofilm architecture and extracellular polysaccharide distribution of S. mutans, and increase the proportion of S. mutans within a dual-species biofilm, probably through the regulation of various gene expressions. We hypothesize that the enhanced competitiveness of S. mutans under simulated microgravity may cause a multispecies micro-ecological imbalance, which would result in the initiation of dental caries.