White and black bars indicate light and dark periods. The dashed line indicates the growth irradiance curve (right axis). Abbreviations as in Fig. 1. Table 2 Growth parameters of PCC9511 batch cultures shifted from LL to HL during 12 h/12 h L/D cycles. Growth Parameters* Cycle 1 (LL) Cycle 2 (HL) Cycle 3 (HL) μcc (d-1) 0.43 ± 0.03 0.67 ± 0.01

0.62 ± 0.01 μnb (d-1) 0.37 ± 0.04 0.59 ± 0.09 0.58 ± 0.05 TG1 (h) 30.8 ± 3.1 16.7 ± 0.3 18.8 ± 0.2 TS (h) 4.12 ± 0.01 5.15 ± 0.14 5.53 ± 0.12 TG2 (h) 3.89 ± 0.01 2.85 ± 0.14 NSC23766 cell line 2.47 ± 0.12 Sr 20.8 ± 1.7 32.4 ± 0.4 29.8 ± 0.3 Values shown are averages (± mean deviation) of two biological replicates * Growth rates per day calculated from: cell cycle data (μcc) or cell numbers (μnb); TG1, TS, TG2: cell cycle phase duration in hours; Sr: rate of synchronization estimated from the ratio

(TS+TG2)/(TG1+TS+TG2) In the second shift experiment, HL acclimated PCC9511 cultures were sampled during one complete L/D cycle, then on the following two days were subjected to a modulated L/D cycle selleck chemical of HL+UV radiations. As for the HL+UV acclimated cells, UV exposure seemed to cause a delay in the initiation of DNA replication, but with the peak of S cells occurring 3 to 4 h after the LDT (Fig. 2B), instead of 2 h. Furthermore, although the UV dose received by the cells was the same in the UV check details acclimation and UV shift experiments, UV irradiation was clearly much more stressful for the cells in the second case, as they reacted by dramatically decreasing their growth rate (Table 3), an effect which was even more marked on the second day after switching the UV lamps on. Table 3 Growth parameters of PCC9511 batch cultures shifted from HL to HL+UV during 12 h/12

h L/D cycles. Growth Parameters* Cycle Rebamipide 1 (HL) Cycle 2 (HL+UV) Cycle 3 (HL+UV) μcc (d-1) 0.69 ± 0.02 0.61 ± 0.01 0.45 ± 0.00 μnb (d-1) 0.64 ± 0.05 0.45 ± 0.02 0.1 ± 0.02 TG1 (h) 18.0 ± 0.6 21.4 ± 0.3 29.3 ± 0.2 TS (h) 3.67 ± 0.14 3.72 ± 0.09 6.25 ± 0.03 TG2 (h) 2.33 ± 0.14 2.28 ± 0.09 1.75 ± 0.03 Sr 25.0 ± 0.7 21.9 ± 0.2 21.5 ± 0.1 Values shown are averages (± mean deviation) of two biological replicates *Growth rates per day calculated from: cell cycle data (μcc) or cell numbers (μnb); TG1, TS, TG2: cell cycle phase duration in hours; Sr: rate of synchronization estimated from the ratio (TS+TG2)/(TG1+TS+TG2) Comparative cell cycle dynamics of acclimated P. marinus PCC9511 cells grown in continuous cultures with and without UV radiation Large volume, continuous cultures of P. marinus cells acclimated to either HL or HL+UV conditions were used for gene expression analyses.