The role of IL-22 and IL-22BP in chronic liver diseases is unknown. We addressed this question in individuals chronically infected with schistosomes or HCV. We first demonstrate that schistosome eggs stimulate the production of IL-22 transcripts and inhibit the accumulation of IL22-BP transcripts in schistosome-infected mice and that schistosome eggs selectively stimulate the production of IL-22 in cultures of blood leukocytes from individuals chronically infected with S.japonicum. High IL-22 levels in cultures correlated with protection against hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. To test further the implication of IL-22/IL-22BP in hepatic disease, we analyzed common

genetic variants of IL22RA2, which encodes IL-22BP, and found that the genotypes AA, GG of rs6570136 (p=0.003; OR=2), and CC, TT of rs2064501 (p=0.01; OR=2), were associated with severe fibrosis in Chinese infected with S.japonicum. We confirmed this result in Sudanese (rs6570136 GG DAPT (p=0.0005; OR=8.1), rs2064501 TT (p=0.008, OR=3.6)) and Brazilians (rs6570136 GG (p=0.003; OR=26), rs2064501 TC, TT (p=0.03, OR=11)) infected with S.mansoni. The aggravating genotypes were associated with high IL22RA2 transcripts levels. Furthermore, these

same variants were also associated with HCV-induced fibrosis and cirrhosis (rs6570136 GG, GA (p=0.007; OR=1.7), rs2064501 TT, TC (p=0.004; OR=2.4)). These results provide strong evidence that IL-22 protects against and IL-22BP aggravates liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in humans with chronic JNK inhibitor chemical structure liver infections. Thus, pharmacological modulation of IL-22 BP may be an effective 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 strategy to limit cirrhosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. “
“A 45-year-old male underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a size 10 mm trocar. The umbilical trocar site fascia was closed following the procedure. He developed post-operative cramping abdominal pain with persistent nausea and vomiting. Physical examination of the abdomen revealed local ecchymosis with tenderness

over the umbilical area and hyperactive bowel sound. Abdominal X-ray showed surgical clips over the right upper abdomen and dilated small bowel loops (Figure 1). Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed an incarcerated ventral hernia with proximal intestinal bowel dilatation (Figure 2, arrow). The clinical and radiological features were diagnostic of trocar-site hernia complicated by small intestinal obstruction. The emergent laparotomy disclosed one segment of small bowel was incarcerated in the fascia defect of umbilical trocar site. The incarcerated bowel was reduced and the fascia was repaired. The patient was discharged 5 days later. Abdominal laparoscopic surgery is performed commonly nowadays. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the surgical treatment of gallstone disease. Trocar site hernia is a rare complication of laparoscopic surgery. The incidence of trocar site hernia is about 1.5–1.8%.