2 μm pore size, Nalge Nunc International, Rochester, NY) were placed into six well plates with 2.1 ml of EPI in each well. An initial overnight culture of a clinical isolate of S. aureus (Southwest Regional Wound Care isolate # 10943, Lubbock, TX) was diluted in EPI to an optical density of 0.05 at 600 nm. Seven

10 μl drops of the diluted overnight culture were placed onto individual culture inserts and biofilms were allowed to develop and mature for 72 hours. Every 24 hours for four days thereafter, the growth medium was collected, filter sterilized, pH adjusted to 7.2, and replaced with fresh EPI. The collected medium is referred to as BCM. S. aureus BCM was pooled to provide sufficient quantities of material to work with and to help www.selleckchem.com/products/ro-61-8048.html eliminate day to day variations that might occur in the biofilm cultures. Planktonic S. aureus Culture Conditions and Preparation of PCM Planktonic S. aureus cultures were grown under conditions designed to produce similar cell densities and physiology (i.e. stationary phase CX-5461 molecular weight growth) as the biofilm cultures. To obtain such a culture, mature three day old biofilms grown on tissue culture inserts were re-suspended into the same volume of EPI growth medium in which biofilm cultures

were maintained and cultured at 37°C with constant agitation. This method effectively reverted S. aureus cells from biofilm growth back to planktonic growth. Planktonic bacteria were removed from solution by centrifugation. The supernatant was collected, filter sterilized, and pH adjusted to 7.2. The bacterial pellet was resuspended in EPI and cultured at 37°C with constant agitation for an additional 24 hours. This process was repeated every 24 hours for four days and the conditioned medium pooled to provide sufficient

material to work with and to help eliminate day to day variations that might occur in overnight planktonic cultures. The pooled, sterilized supernatant is referred to as PCM. Both planktonic and re-suspended biofilm cultures of S. aureus contained similar population densities based on optical density (600 nm) readings at 4 and 24 hours. SDS-PAGE analysis and in-gel digestion for protein identification Total protein from BCM, PCM, and EpiLife PRKD3 growth medium was quantified using a modified Lowry assay following the manufacturer’s protocol (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). Proteins were SBI-0206965 molecular weight precipitated from 2 ml of sample by adding 200 μl of a 1:4 solution of trichloroacetic acid and acetone. The solution was incubated at 4°C for an hour. Samples were then centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was decanted and the pellet was washed with 500 μl cold acetone and centrifuged. After removing the supernatant, protein pellets were dried at room temperature and re-suspended in 30 μl sample buffer (3.8 ml water, 1 ml 0.5 M Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 0.8 ml glycerol, 1.6 ml 10% SDS, 0.4 ml 2-β-mercaptoethanol, 0.4 ml 0.05% (W/V) bromophenol blue).