Digestibility and total volatile fatty acids were lower in bacterial-fungal co-culture with both high and low roughage diets. Methanogens decreased in bacterial-fungal co-culture with high roughage. With high roughage, counts were lower for bacteria with bacterial-protozoal, protozoa with fungal-protozoal, and fungi with the bacterial-fungal co-cultures. Total gas was higher in bacterial mono-culture with low roughage, but methane was not detected in any mono-culture. Digestibility

SB202190 and total volatile fatty acids were significantly lowered with protozoal mono-culture. Methanogens reduced significantly in mono-cultures with high roughage diet than control 1. Defaunation reduced methanogens without significantly affecting rumen fermentation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Ventricular assist devices (VAD) are associated with the formation of antibodies to anti-human leukocyte antigens (HLA) or sensitization. The incidence and effects of VAD-associated anti-HLA sensitization have not been well studied in the pediatric population.

METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing VAD implant at our institution from 1998 to 2008 was performed. Panel reactive antibody (PRA) results before VAD implant, after VAD implant, and after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) were recorded.

Patients who became sensitized (PRA for class I and/or II immunoglobulin G antibodies >= 10%) on VAD support were compared with non-sensitized patients with regard to demographics, diagnosis, device type, check details and blood product exposure on VAD support

outcomes after OHT were also compared between groups.

RESULTS: VAD support was initiated in 20 patients (median age, 14.4 years), with 75% survival to OHT or recovery. PRA data before and after VAD implant were available for 17 patients. VAD-associated sensitization developed in 35% of recipients. There were no differences between those sensitized in association with VAD support and non-sensitized patients with regard to age, gender, diagnosis, device type, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, or blood product exposure on VAD support. Black race predicted sensitization on VAD (p = 0.02). There were no differences in survival GSK126 molecular weight or rejection between groups.

CONCLUSIONS: VAD therapy was associated with the development of anti-HLA sensitization in 35% of recipients. Black race predicted sensitization, but there were no differences in overall survival or outcomes after OHT. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:109-116 (C) 2010 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“The present study deals with the analysis of elastic strains and stresses in high-quality heteroepitaxial Mo/Ni superlattices with periods Lambda lying in the range 4.8-27.6 nm.