Ten healthy males were subcutaneously injected into the left and right forearms with a randomized pair of the following treatments: (i) bupivacaine (5 mg); (ii) neosaxitoxin (10 mu g); (iii) neosaxitoxin
(10 mu g) plus bupivacaine (5 mg), and (iv) neosaxitoxin (10 mu g) plus epinephrine (1:100.000), but all participant received all four formulations (in 2 ml; s.c.), with 1 month elapsing between the two round of experiments. A validated sensory and pain paradigm was used for evaluating the effect of the treatment 0-72 h after the injections, measuring sensory, pain, and mechanical touch perception threshold. The duration of the effect produced by combined treatments was longer than that by the single drugs. In conclusion, bupivacaine and epinephrine potentiate the local anesthetic LY3023414 effect of neosaxitoxin in humans when co-injected subcutaneously. The present results support the idea that neosaxitoxin is a new long-acting local pain blocker, with highly potential clinical use.”
“Objective-To determine the outcome in dogs undergoing urethral stent placement for management of urethral obstruction secondary to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).
Design-Retrospective case series.
Animals-19
dogs with histopathologically confirmed TCC.
Procedures-Information regarding urethral stent placement and follow-up treatment was obtained from review of medical records. Quality of life assessment was performed with an owner www.selleckchem.com/products/17-DMAG,Hydrochloride-Salt.html questionnaire.
Results-Self-expanding nitinol stents were successfully placed in 17 of 19 dogs; stent placement was not possible in one dog, and another dog was euthanatized 2 days after stent placement, but before discharge from the hospital. Median survival time
in 17 dogs following successful long-term stent placement was 78 days (range, 2 to 366 days). Complications following stent placement in 18 dogs included see more incontinence (n = 7), reobstruction from continued growth of urethral TCC (3), acute reobstruction shortly after the procedure (1), and stent migration (2). Of the 17 owners surveyed, 16 were satisfied with the outcome and would recommend urethral stent placement.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The placement of self-expanding nitinol urethral stents was successful in alleviating TCC-induced urethral obstruction and providing good quality of life for most dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;241:1627-1632)”
“Soy protein isolate (SPI) was incubated with microbial transglutaminase (MITGase) enzyme for 5 (SPI/MTG(5)) or 24 (SPI/MTC(24)) h at 40 degrees C and the cross-linked SPI obtained was freeze-dried, and heated with 2% (w/v) ribose (R) for 2 h at 95 degrees C to produce combined-treated gels. Longer incubation period resulted in more compact and less swollen SPI particle shape when reconstituted with sugar solution. Thus, this MTGase treatment affected samples in terms of flow behaviour and gelling capacity.