The primary studies reflected both the baseline information and post-intervention measurement of the obese children. Children of normal BMI were not considered because the review focus is only on the treatment of childhood obesity through school and family-based intervention. Intervention: The interventional components considered for studies includes, Physical activity Diet truly and nutrition Modifying the diet and exercise behaviour Health promotion strategies Or a combination of the above The above delivered interventions were given through either school or family-based framework Setting: Interventions were carried out either at school or in a family setting and depend on the framework used in the particular study. Type of comparison The review compares the school-based intervention with family-based intervention using measurements of the outcomes.

Intervention Personnel There were no special considerations or restrictions on who delivered the intervention. For example, researcher, PCT professionals, physicians, nutrition/diet professionals, teachers, family members, or health professionals. Nevertheless, the interventions had to be delivered through a family or school setting. Interventions excluded Any study that used interventions specifically designed for the prevention of childhood obesity was excluded. Types of outcome The studies included in this review reported one or more of the following outcomes including the baseline and post-intervention measurement. Self-reported height and weight measurements were not considered. Primary Outcomes: Height and weight BMI: A validation study by Pietrobelli et al.

[40], supports that Body Mass Index can be used to assess body fatness. In addition, this study interprets that BMI should be used cautiously when applying to children in the maturation stage. BMI z score Percentage overweight The studies were included if they reported measurements of body frame (in percentages) and bodyweight Entinostat (in kilograms) by X-ray absorptiometry along with one of the above. The primary outcome was measured immediately after the completion of the intervention. Secondary outcomes: Body fat distribution or waist-hip circumference Measures such as lipid profile Behaviour change (activity levels and energy intake) Cost effectiveness/cost of intervention. The secondary outcomes were measured during follow up of the studies where the primary outcomes were not significant. Search methods for identification of studies A PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) framework was applied to identify the studies for this review [41,42]. The search strategy used in this review was developed by Centre for Review and Dissemination [43] to undertake a systematic review of research on effectiveness.