along with five known saccharide fatty acid esters. The structures of these compounds were determined by combination of spectral and chemical analyses. These fatty acid glucosides exhibited inhibitory effect

against copper-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Compound 2 had the strongest effect, which was almost comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene. (C) 2010 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The aims of this study were to design and characterise doxorubicin-loaded AZD3965 chitosan microspheres for anticancer chemoembolisation. Doxorubicin-loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsification and cross-linking methods. Doxorubicin-chitosan solution was initially complexed with tripolyphosphate (TPP) to improve drug loading capabilities. Doxorubicin-loaded chitosan microspheres www.selleckchem.com/products/ferrostatin-1-fer-1.html were highly

spherical and had approximately diameters of 130-160 mm in size. Drug loading amount and loading efficiency were in the range 3.7-4.0% and 68.5-85.8%, respectively, and affected by TPP concentration, drug levels and cross-linking time. Doxorubicin release was affected by TPP complexation, cross-linking time and release medium. Especially, lysozyme in release media considerably increased drug release. Synergistic anti-cancer activities of doxorubicin-releasing chitosan microspheres were confirmed to VX2 cells in the rabbit auricle model compared with blank microspheres. Doxorubicin-loaded chitosan microspheres can efficiently be prepared by TPP gelation and cross-linking method and developed as multifunctional anti-cancer embolic material.”
“Objective: Smartphones are widely used by physicians, but their effectiveness in

improving teaching of PCI-32765 ic50 clinical skills is not known. The aim of this study was to determine if pre procedural use of a smartphone neonatal intubation instructional application (NeoTube) improves trainee knowledge and enhances procedural skills performance in newborn intubation.

Design: Neonatal Resuscitation Program certified trainees in paediatrics and neonatology completed a knowledge based questionnaire on neonatal intubation, and were recorded intubating a term newborn manikin model. They then used the NeoTube iPhone application for 15 min, before completing the questionnaire and intubation again. Video recordings were later reviewed by two independent assessors, blinded to whether it was pre or post NeoTube use.

Results: 20 paediatric trainees (12 fellows and 8 residents) participated in this study. Comparing pre and post-viewing of the application, Questionnaire Scores (median (range)) increased from 18.5 (8-28) to 31 (24-35) (P < 0.001), with calculation scores increasing from 6 (0-11) to 11 (6-12) (P < 0.001), Skill Scores increased from 11 (9-15) to 12.5 (9-16) (P = 0.

The phloem phase occurred rarely, and when it did, it was short and consisted mainly of watery salivation. Finally, on unacceptable L. albus cv.

‘Boros’ and ‘Butan’, L. angustifolius cv. ‘Graf’, ‘Karo’, ‘Mirela’, and L. polyphyllus, total probing time and individual probes were short and phloem phase selleck screening library did not occur.

Eighteen alkaloids were identified: one piperidine alkaloid (ammodendrine), one indole (gramine), ten quinolizidine alkaloids (one tricyclic and nine tetracyclic compounds), and six esters. All lupine varieties that contained lupanine, its derivatives and especially their esters appeared to be unacceptable to the pea aphid, independent of the total concentration of any specific lupanine alkaloid. In contrast, sparteine Dibutyryl-cAMP and its derivatives did not seem to affect aphid probing significantly. (C) 2011 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: To assess the relationship of sensorineural hearing loss to pericochlear radiographic hypoattenuation in the pediatric population.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Patients:

Children, younger than 5 years, with both computed tomographic imaging of the temporal bone and audiometric analysis between 2004 and 2008 at the University of Michigan.

Intervention: Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measure(s): The prevalence of pericochlear hypoattenuation in ears with and without hearing loss.

Results: One hundred seventy-six patients (98 male and 78 female patients) were completely reviewed. The prevalence of cochlear hypoattenuation was 39.2% (107/273) in ears with hearing loss, compared with 40.5% (32/79) in ears without hearing GSK1120212 clinical trial loss (p = 0.83). Similarly, the prevalence of hypoattenuation was not different in ears with sensorineural hearing loss (36.8%, 70/190) and those without hearing loss (40.3%,

31/79, p = 0.60). Patients with hypoattenuation (mean, 24 mo) were significantly younger than patients without hypoattenuation (mean, 30 mo). The prevalence of hypoattenuation was higher in the ears of children born prematurely (35/64, 54.7%) compared with the ears of children born at full term (90/230, 39.1%, p = 0.026; 95% confidence interval, 1.88%-29.3%).

Conclusion: There does not seem to be a relationship between sensorineural hearing loss and the presence of decreased density of the bony cochlea in the pediatric population. The density of pericochlear bone increases with age. Prematurity is associated with a higher risk of hypoattenuation. This radiographic finding is common and may represent a normal developmental process.”
“Purpose of reviewTo review the current literature on prosthetic valve function and para-valvular regurgitation (PVR) after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). TAVR is a new alternative for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis in patients at high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement and nonsurgical candidates.

“
“Purpose of review

Here, we review recent advances and new insights in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) biology (signalling pathway, kidney biology and immune system), and recent clinical data on mTOR inhibitors related to solid organ transplantation.

Recent findings

The mTOR pathway is a major integrator of signals governing protein and lipid biosynthesis CT99021 price and growth factor-driven cell cycle progression. Recent findings have emphasized a critical role of mTOR in cellular homeostasis with a crucial role in podocyte function. Beyond CD8(+) and

regulatory T-cell control, mTOR protein is involved in critical biological functions of T helper cells or dendritic cells. New specific inhibitors of mTORC1/C2 are available and shed new light on mTOR functions. Finally, clinical trials have better defined the use of mTOR inhibitors and emphasized their role in cancer prevention.

Summary

The mTOR pathway is considered as a key integrator of multiple inputs that drives numerous biological processes in cell biology. mTOR inhibitors are

potent immunosuppressive drugs for solid organ transplantation. Newly designed specific inhibitors of mTOR complex 1 and 2 offer promising therapeutic effects and a better understanding of the pathway. Many conditions may benefit from mTOR inhibition for a short period, but tolerance of treatment in a chronic selleck screening library setting remains a major concern.”
“Purpose

of review

Chronic renal allograft damage is one of the main problems after kidney transplantation. This review enumerates causes, describes available therapeutic options, and discusses options of the future.

Recent findings

Alloantigen-dependent and alloantigen-independent factors are responsible for allograft damage. Prevention of renal allograft damage starts with interventions that occur surrounding the explantation in cadaveric organs. These include the use of dopamine or machine perfusion systems.

Followed by the critical phase of ischemia/reperfusion injury, the LCN2/lipocalin-2, HAVCR1, and p38 MAPK pathway are new players involved in selleck chemicals llc that process. Innate immunity plays a part, too. Cold ischemia time is associated with genes of apoptosis. Nondonor-specific antibodies like antihuman leukocyte antibodies-Ia or angiotensin type 1 receptor may also play a role. Recent research indicates that genetic polymorphism like the Ficolin-2 Ala258Ser polymorphism and the mannose-binding lectin-2 polymorphism are involved in that process. New therapeutic options are rare and in the future. However, there is some evidence that drugs interfering with metalloproteinases, sexual hormones like dihydroandrosterone, and mesenchymal stem cell therapy may be of importance.

By multivariate analysis, age >= 65 years, alcohol consumption and diabetes were independently associated with advanced liver disease. Overall, 34 out of 174 patients (20%) >= 65 years had received

antiviral treatment compared with 122 out of FDA approved Drug Library order 386 (32%) younger patients (P = 0.003). Our results further emphasize the notion that chronic hepatitis C is becoming a disease of the elderly and that elderly patients with chronic HCV infection often have severe and underestimated disease.”
“The present work was carried out to study the ability of avian “”Extract Egg”" (EE) for reprogramming caprine fetal cells. The isolated caprine fetal cells were cultured in stem cell media supplemented with different percentages of either EE or FBS. The results indicated that the supplementation of 2-4% EE formed lesser but larger size stem cell like cell colonies as compared to 6% or 10% EE. The expression of pluripotent genes were comparatively higher in colonies developed in 2% or 4% as compared to 6% or 10% EE. Further, immunocytochemistry revealed that the colonies developed in all percentage of EE expressed pluripotent markers like Oct4, Nanog, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81. Our findings indicated

that avian EE has the potentiality Selleck A-1331852 to reprogram caprine fetal cells into embryonic state which may help in generation of pluripotent stem cells without using viral vector. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A well-ordered nanopatterned structure has been obtained in sputtered magnetic thin films by self-assembling of polystyrene nanospheres. Arrays of holes in Co, Ni, and Ni(80)Fe(20) films having a mean size ranging in the interval of 200-400 nm depending on the experimental condition have been prepared. Sample microstructure has been studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Room-temperature hysteresis loops have been measured in the parallel and perpendicular configuration (H(max)=20 kOe). Magnetoresistance (MR) measurements

have been performed by means of a standard four-contact technique at several angles between the current and the magnetic field (H(max)=70 kOe) in the temperature interval of 4-200 K. An anisotropic Selleckchem CT99021 MR effect has been observed in all compositions independent on the hole mean dimension. The role on magnetic and magnetotransport properties of either sample microstructure or composition has been studied in such patterned structures. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3350902]“
“Catecholamines due to various mechanisms may contribute to the accumulation of collagen fibers and extracellular matrix in the arterial wall. The aim of this study was to compare intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and carotid bifurcation (CB) in patients with pheochromocytoma, essential hypertension and healthy controls.

Infliximab has recently been approved for paediatric use, which has been a great improvement for a group of patients lacking therapeutic options.”
“OBJECTIVE: We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of progestogens for prevention of preterm birth among women with prior spontaneous preterm birth, multiple gestations, preterm labor, short cervix, or other indications.

DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for English

language articles published from January 1966 to October 2011.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We excluded publications that were not randomized controlled trials or had fewer than 20 participants, identifying 34 publications, of which 19 contained data for Bayesian meta-analysis.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Two reviewers independently extracted data and assigned overall quality EPZ5676 datasheet ratings https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ch5424802.html based on predetermined criteria. Among women with prior preterm birth and a singleton pregnancy (five randomized controlled trials), progestogen

treatment decreased the median risk of preterm birth by 22% (relative risk [RR] 0.78, 95% Bayesian credible interval 0.68-0.88) and neonatal death by 42% (RR 0.58, 95% Bayesian credible interval 0.27-0.98). The evidence suggests progestogen treatment does not prevent prematurity (RR 1.02, 95% Bayesian credible interval 0.87-1.17) or neonatal death (RR 1.44, 95% Bayesian credible interval 0.46-3.18) in multiple gestations. Limited evidence suggests progestogen treatment may prevent prematurity in women with preterm labor www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2126458.html (RR 0.62, 95% Bayesian credible interval 0.47-0.79) and short cervix (RR 0.52, 95% Bayesian credible

interval 0.36-0.70). Across indications, evidence about maternal, fetal, or neonatal health outcomes, other than reducing preterm birth and neonatal mortality, is inconsistent, insufficient, or absent.

CONCLUSION: Progestogens prevent preterm birth when used in singleton pregnancies for women with a prior preterm birth. In contrast, evidence suggests lack of effectiveness for multiple gestations. Evidence supporting all other uses is insufficient to guide clinical care. Overall, clinicians and patients lack longer-term information to understand whether intervention has the ultimately desired outcome of preventing morbidity and promoting normal childhood development. (Obstet Gynecol 2012; 120:897-907) DOI:http://10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182699a15″
“In this report we describe a case of a 19-year-old woman with a severe to fulminant steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis that was successfully treated with infliximab. Severe to fulminant ulcerative colitis is a potentially life-threatening condition and although the mortality rate has dropped dramatically over the past 40 years, this has not been the case with colectomy which has remained unchanged. Recently, infliximab has been shown to be effective as rescue therapy for steroid-refractory cases.

Fluid challenge consisting of 250 ml of either bicarbonate Ringer solution (BRS) or low molecular weight pentastarch (HES 70/0.5) was given to maintain stroke volume index > 35 ml/m(2). The context of fluid challenge was classified as related to either epidural block (EB) or blood loss (BL) or as nonspecific. The primary end point was

the interval between index fluid challenge and the next fluid challenge, and the secondary end point was the hemodynamic parameter at the end of fluid challenge. Differences in these parameters in each clinical context were compared between BRS and HES 70/0.5. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Eighty-eight, 77, and 127 fluid challenges AZD4547 concentration were classified as related to EB and BL and as nonspecific, respectively. In the nonspecific condition, the median (range) interval after fluid challenge with HES 70/0.5 and BRS was 45 (11-162) min and 18 (8-44) min, respectively, Selleck SB202190 and the difference was statistically significant. Also, mean arterial pressure and stroke volume index significantly increased, whereas stroke volume variation significantly decreased after fluid challenge with HES 70/0.5 compared with BRS. Such differences were not observed in the other situations.

Conclusions HES 70/0.5 exerted larger volume effects

than did crystalloid under nonspecific conditions. However, similar volume effects were observed during volume loss and extensive sympathetic blockade.”
“In this study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) on the postnatal development of Swiss Webster mice. Females were treated by gavage (0, 7.5 15 and 30 mg TPTH/kg/day) on days 6-17 of gestation. After birth, the progeny was examined for deaths, body weight gain and appearance of developmental landmarks. On postnatal day 50, one male and one female of each litter were inoculated with Plasmodium yoelii and the time-course

of infection was monitored. TPTH was embryolethal at doses >= 15 mg/kg/day. Body weight ZD1839 inhibitor at birth was decreased, but no alteration of pup body weight was observed after postnatal day 5. Except for an advancement of incisor eruption in the group treated with 15 mg/kg/day, no alteration of somatic development was noted. A shorter latency to peak parasitemia and a reduced malaria-induced spleen enlargement were observed in mice prenatally exposed to TPTH. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to TPTH at doses >= 15 mg/kg enhanced neonatal lethality, reduced pup birth weight and interfered with the response to infection with P. yoelii in adulthood. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 629-635, 2009.”
“Despite the beneficial hypoglycemic and potentially curative effects in type 2 diabetes, large stomach volume deficits caused by Roux-en-Y gastrointestinal bypass (RYGB) surgery increase complications.

In total, eight cases were in the early stage and 54 cases were in late stage of ARDS. In addition, the serum level of VEGF165 was also determined. Results: In normal lungs, all antibodies marked the endothelial cells (EC) and pneumocytes (PC), except for CD68, which was expressed in the alveolar macrophages. In early ARDS, the intensity of VEGF165

and VEGFR2 decreased in both EC and PC. VEGF121 was absent in PC but its expression increased in bronchial epithelium. VEGFR1 was expressed in the integral PC. In late ARDS, VEGF165 down-regulation was more significant in PC and EC but its intensity increased in hyaline membranes (HM). LCL161 order In some cases, HM were CD68 positive. The serum level of VEGF165 was up-regulated, while

VEGF165 intensity in PC decreased and the HM appeared in alveolar spaces. Conclusions: Sporadic positivity of HM for CD68 and decreasing of VEGF165 expression in EC proved that VEGF165 is produced by PC, destroyed macrophages, and extravasated serum.”
“Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) is not restricted to patients suffering from malignancies. Benign haematopoietic diseases such as autoimmune diseases and others have been mentioned to be feasible indications. The aim of our study was to demonstrate that surgery for OTC is a safe procedure for fertility preservation in patients with NCT-501 order non-malignant diseases.

In a retrospective cohort study intra- and postoperative courses were evaluated. Histological examination of one random ovarian cortical slice was performed to determine the presence of primordial follicles.

Immediately after the excision, microbiological culture techniques from swabs were taken from all slices.

Seven of 85 patients (8.2%) have undergone surgery for OTC for non-malignant indications. All patients had an uncomplicated intraoperative course. A median number of 12 cortical stripes were excised and cryopreserved (range 7-17). Only for one patient an adverse event was found which was not related to laparoscopy for OTC. All patients having undergone routine laparoscopy for OTC only could be released Barasertib in vivo from hospital on the first postoperative day. Selective microbiological tests showed negative results in all cases. Histological examinations revealed intact ovarian tissue with primordial follicles in 6/7 patients.

Whether surgery for OTC in patients with non-malignant indications is feasible from an ethical point of view remains open. However, laparoscopy for ovarian tissue harvesting is a safe procedure for patients undergoing cytotoxic treatment for benign diseases.”
“Phase morphology and rheological behavior of polyamide 6 (PA6)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymers blends was studied using scanning electron microscopy and rheometry. The results showed that the phase morphology and rheological properties depends on blend composition.

Although intensive care, including treatment with prednisolone and methotrexate, improved the hypovolemic shock, paralytic ileus became dominant instead of the marked diarrhea, suggesting the terminal stage of AA amyloidosis of the GI tract. Thus, we administered tocilizumab, a humanized Apoptosis Compound Library mouse anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody (8 mg/kg, repeated every 4 weeks). Two weeks after the first injection of tocilizumab, serum AA rapidly returned to their normal ranges in accordance with the amelioration of paralytic

ileus and systemic joint pain. Surprisingly, after three courses of tocilizumab treatment, colon biopsy revealed no amyloid deposition. Tocilizumab is a promising agent to treat secondary AA amyloidosis by strongly suppressing serum AA levels.”
“We have investigated the role played by inter-ion Coulomb interactions in a magneto-optical trap ion source (MOTIS). Using a Monte Carlo simulation accounting for all pair-wise ion-ion Coulomb interactions

in the source, we have calculated the broadening of the transverse spatial and velocity distributions as well as the increase in emittance over a range of beam currents and extraction electric fields. Using a (7)Li MOTIS, we have experimentally studied the broadening of the spatial distribution as a function of total beam STI571 ic50 current and extraction electric field by measuring the fraction of the beam current that passes through a 20 mu m diameter aperture. The Monte Carlo simulations agree well with the experimental results, indicating that such simulations capture the essential physics of the source. Our results show that while Coulomb interactions can cause a significant increase

in emittance in some situations, it is possible to keep the effects to an acceptable level by suitable choice of extraction field and beam current. These considerations are essential to the process of optimizing MOTIS geometry and operating conditions for use in high-resolution focused ion beam applications. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3585783]“
“BACKGROUND: Pitavastatin research buy Podocyte injury plays an important role in glomerulosclerosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and detachment from the glomerular basement membrane is the main cause of podocyte damage. In a previous study we found that medium from mesangial cells incubated with aggregated IgA1 (aIgA1) isolated from IgAN patients decreased podocyte adhesive capacity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Podocytes were incubated in medium from mesangial cells incubated with aIgA1 isolated from IgAN patients, enalaprilat (10-5 M) and chymostatin (20 mu M), or with enalaprilat and chymostatin separately. Podocyte adhesive capacity was evaluated by cell counting and hexosaminidase assay. Expression of the renin angiotensin system was measured by real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and ELISA.

The findings

reveal intriguing differences between the countries in both the number and content of the reports. The issue of priority setting is much less salient in Korean than in Israeli LBH589 solubility dmso society. While the complexity of the task was the most prevalent theme in the Israeli reports sampled, benefits package expansion decisions were most common in the Korean reports. Similarly, the Israeli reports emphasized the qualifications and backgrounds of individual members of the decision making committee, but the equivalent Korean committee was not portrayed as a major actor, and so received less attention. The least reported theme in both countries was priority-setting procedures and principles. These findings, along with results from previous studies which indicate that public satisfaction with the two systems differs between the countries,

provoke several interesting future research questions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aims: Gut dysfunction is suspected to play a major role in the pathophysiology of post-resuscitation disease through an increase in intestinal permeability and endotoxin release. However this dysfunction often remains occult and is poorly investigated. The aim of this pilot study was to explore intestinal failure biomarkers in post-cardiac arrest patients and to correlate them with endotoxemia.

Methods: Following resuscitation after cardiac arrest, 21 patients were prospectively studied. Urinary intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), see more which marks intestinal buy Galardin permeability, plasma citrulline, which reflects the functional enterocyte mass, and whole

blood endotoxin were measured at admission, days 1-3 and 6. We explored the kinetics of release and the relationship between IFABP, citrulline and endotoxin values.

Results: IFABP was extremely high at admission and normalized at D3 (6668 pg/mL vs 39 pg/mL, p = 0.01). Lowest median of citrulline (N = 20-40 mu mol/L) was attained at D2 (11 mu mol/L at D2 vs 24 mu mol/L at admission, p = 0.01) and tended to normalize at D6 (21 mu mol/L). During ICU stay, 86% of patients presented a detectable endotoxemia. Highest endotoxin level was positively correlated with highest IFABP level (R-2 = 0.31, p = 0.01) and was inversely correlated with lowest plasma citrulline levels (R-2 = 0.55, p < 0.001). Endotoxin levels increased between admission and D2 in patients with post-resuscitation shock, whereas it decreases in patients with no shock (median +0.33 EU vs -0.19 EU, p = 0.03). Highest endotoxin level was positively correlated with D3 SOFA score (R-2 = 0.45, p = 0.004).

Conclusion: Biomarkers of intestinal injury are altered after cardiac arrest and are associated with endotoxemia. This could worsen post-resuscitation shock and organ failure. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The results revealed that GNS-1480 solubility dmso the morphology of the blends is strongly dependent on polymer concentration and sulfur/polymer ratio. In-depth rheological characterization showed that the thermomechanical properties changed considerably upon addition of small amounts of sulfur. Collectively, these results suggest that sulfur increases the compatibility between polymer and asphalt by crosslinking polymer chains. Interestingly, the rheological behavior of blends prepared with a combination of SB and sulfur was similar to that exhibited by blends prepared

with SBS either in the presence or absence Of Sulfur. This is explained by assuming that the addition of small amounts of sulfur to SB-modified asphalt facilitates the formation of an elastomeric network that resembles the one found in SBS-modified asphalt, effectively contributing to asphalt reinforcement. Nonetheless, the exact dosage of sulfur must be carefully controlled to prevent get formation. (C) 2009 Wiley P;eriodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 3409-3422, 2010″
“Objective. Bacterial

cultures from nontraumatic brain abscesses (BAs) frequently contain oral bacteria. We assessed bacterial cultures from BAs and oral infective sources for a bacterial match.

Study design. Bacterial samples from brain abscesses and oral abscesses, and at sites with probing depths >= 3.5 mm were taken from 11 nontraumatic BA patients and analyzed.

Results. Brain abscess bacterial Bcl-2 inhibitor cultures were obtained in 9 of the 11 cases, which revealed 5 cases of Streptococcus milleri group bacteria and Barasertib 4 cases of subgingival flora. The bacteriologic results were interpreted taking all medical and bacteriologic findings into account, which made an oral origin of the BAs most likely in 6 of the 11 cases: from an oral abscess and from the subgingival flora in 3 cases each.

Conclusions. Early collaboration between neurosurgeons, infectious disease specialists, and oral-maxillofacial surgeons will aid the identification and treatment of

suspected oral sources of nontraumatic BAs. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107: 469-476)”
“Background Surveillance of neurocognitive late effects has typically focused on the pediatric survivor alone and rarely has focused on the potential family burden. We investigated the impact of child neurocognitive effects on parenting stress and hypothesized that parents of childhood cancer survivors with greater executive difficulties experience higher stress relative to parents of children with less adverse impact.

Methods Parents of 44 children who survived cancer involving central nervous system-directed treatments and who had documented neurocognitive deficits completed standardized questionnaires assessing their perceived level of stress and perception of their child’s executive functioning abilities in daily life.