9% in N(2). (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Prexasertib chemical structure Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 714-719, 2010″
“Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a fatal infectious disease, resulting in 1.4 million deaths globally per annum. Over the past three decades, genomic studies have been conducted in an attempt to elucidate the functionality of the genome of the pathogen. However, many aspects of this complex genome remain largely unexplored, as approaches like genomics, proteomics,

and transcriptomics have failed to characterize them successfully. In turn, metabolomics, which is relatively new to the “”omics”" revolution, has shown great potential for investigating biological systems or their modifications. Furthermore, when these data are interpreted in combination with previously acquired genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics data, using what is termed a systems biology approach, a more holistic understanding of these systems can be achieved. In this review we discuss how metabolomics has contributed so far to characterizing TB, with emphasis on the resulting improved elucidation

of M. tuberculosis in terms of (1) metabolism, (2) growth and replication, (3) pathogenicity, and (4) drug resistance, from the perspective of systems biology.”
“Described here is a case of a patient who made the sign of the cross during right mesial temporal seizures, documented by intracranial depth electrode Vactosertib and simultaneous ARS-1620 cost scalp video-EEG. The patient was ultimately found to have predominantly left temporal lobe epilepsy, and she was rendered seizure free for many years following a left anterior temporal lobe resection. Most interestingly, however, was a suggestion that in her case, making the sign of the cross may have represented a learned ictal behavioral phenomenon: the patient had been forced, over a period of

many years, to make this gesture as an atonement in the postictal period. The movement ultimately came to be performed unconsciously, during the ictus, associated with a lateralized seizure discharge in the right temporal lobe. In contrast to seizure-induced experiential phenomena and typical motor automatisms, where the behavioral manifestations have no recognized association with learning, we wondered whether the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic focal epilepsy had subserved in this case a psychological learning process, whereby right temporal seizures were ultimately able to recruit and activate an adjacent neural memory circuit. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“We have investigated the temperature-dependent behavior of a pentacene organic field effect transistor (OFET) by measuring dc current and voltage characteristics and the transient response of the OFET to a sharp voltage pulse applied at the source contact.

OTR of control OPP film coated solely with gravure ink was 1653 cm(3) m(-2) day, while use of OPP films coated by the three different types of gravure ink-containing nanoclays (nanoclay content: 1% w/w) reduced OTR by 12-37%. OTR values measured using the gravure ink-containing modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 25A and Cloisite 30B) were markedly lower than measured by pristine gravure ink-containing unmodified montmorillonite (Cloisite Na(+)). On the other hand, no remarkable differences were evident in the water vapor barrier performance

of control learn more OPP film and gravure ink-containing nanoclay-coated OPP film. As nanoclay content and dispersion time increased, OTR values of the OPP films coated by gravure ink-containing nanoclays decreased. And the TEM and XRD observation indicated that intercalated and exfoliated types were generated. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 1788-1795, 2011″
“Lactate esters are widely used as food additives, perfume materials, medicine additives, and personal care products. The objective of this work

was to investigate the effect of a series of lactate esters as penetration Proteasome inhibitor enhancers on the in vitro skin permeation of four drugs with different physicochemical properties, including ibuprofen, salicylic acid, dexamethasone and 5-fluorouracil. The saturated donor solutions of the evaluated drugs in propylene glycol were used in order to keep a constant driving force with maximum thermodynamic activity. The permeability coefficient (K this website (p)), skin concentration of drugs (SC), and lag time (T), as well as the enhancement ratios for K (p) and SC were recorded. All results indicated that lactate esters can exert a significant influence

on the transdermal delivery of the model drugs and there is a structure-activity relationship between the tested lactate esters and their enhancement effects. The results also suggested that the lactate esters with the chain length of fatty alcohol moieties of 10-12 are more effective enhancers. Furthermore, the enhancement effect of lactate esters increases with a decrease of the drug lipophilicity, which suggests that they may be more efficient at enhancing the penetration of hydrophilic drugs than lipophilic drugs. The influence of the concentration of lactate esters was evaluated and the optimal concentration is in the range of 5 similar to 10 wt.%. In sum, lactate esters as a penetration enhancer for some drugs are of interest for transdermal administration when the safety of penetration enhancers is a prime consideration.”
“A 32-year-old woman with severe foot pain came to our emergency department after a busy night duty in hospital followed by an extended sleep period. Physical examination revealed a discrete swelling of the medial aspect of the right foot and a painful plantar arch during digital examination.

“
“Study design: Intervention study.

Objectives: The present study aimed at examining whether spinal and/or peripheral alterations are in the origin of neuromuscular fatigue development induced by intermittent neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in subjects with complete spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Neurological Rehabilitation Center CMN Propara, Montpellier, France.

Methods: Thirteen volunteers with complete SCI participated in the study. The right triceps surae muscle was fatigued using a 30-Hz NMES protocol (2 s ON-2 s OFF) composed of three series of five trains. Selleck SYN-117 Spinal excitability (assessed by the H-reflex), muscle excitability (assessed by the

M-wave), muscle contractile properties (assessed by mechanical response parameters) and torque evoked by NMES were tested before and after each five-train series.

Results: NMES-evoked torque significantly decreased throughout the protocol (P<0.001). This decrease was accompanied by a significant increase in M-wave amplitude (P<0.001), whereas H-reflex and the H-max/M-max ratio were not significantly modified. The amplitude of the mechanical response was significantly decreased at the end of the protocol

(P<0.05).

Conclusion: The results indicate significant fatigue development, which was attributed to impaired cross-bridge force-generating capacity, without modification of spinal excitability nor muscle excitability.”
“The

aim of the study was to assess the activity of AP-1 family proteins, e.g. Fra-1, Fra-2, JunB, JunD, and FosB, selleck kinase inhibitor engaged in the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase 3-MA in vivo (iNOS) expression and the production of NO by neutrophils (PMN) exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) xenobiotic. Isolated human PMN were incubated in the presence of NDMA. iNOS mRNA expression was then analyzed using Northern blot and the expression of other proteins in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were assessed using Western blot. The obtained results indicate that NDMA increased iNOS mRNA and protein expression in human PMN. Furthermore, it increased the expression of Fra-1, Fra-2, JunB, and JunD in the cytoplasmic fraction, and FosB expression in the fractions of analyzed cells. As a consequence of inhibiting p38 pathway and JNK, reduced iNOS expression and NO production was noted in PMN exposed to NDMA. Inhibition of the p38 pathway resulted in reduced expression of all analyzed proteins in the cytoplasmic fraction of PMN exposed to NDMA. Furthermore, increased Fra-2 expression and reduced FosB expression were found in the nuclear fraction of those cells. Inhibiting ERK5 pathway resulted in increased JunB expression in both fractions of the analyzed cells. Therefore, no changes in the expression of analyzed proteins in the presence of NDMA were observed in PMN pre-incubated with JNK pathway inhibitor.

(C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3488901]“
“Serving as a DNA

molecular weight standard, the DNA ladder has been widely used in molecular biology applications. We developed a simple method for C59 inhibitor the preparation of a DNA marker, which involves designing primers to amplify 100- to 1000-bp DNA fragments using lambda DNA as a template for polymerase chain reaction, followed by extraction with phenol/chloroform, precipitation with ethanol and mixing. Fragments of 100- to 1000-bp DNA were successfully amplified; the sequences showed 100% identity with lambda DNA. This prepared DNA marker displayed clear bands, indicating that it can CA3 datasheet be used for molecular studies.”
“The impact response of potassium bromide single crystals with < 100 > and < 110 > orientation was studied in a series of planar impact experiments under continuous monitoring of the sample rear surface velocity. The samples whose initial temperature varied between 166 and 880 K were loaded with aluminum, copper or tungsten impactors having velocities ranging from 140 to 690 m/s. The velocity histories recorded in

the experiments with maximum compressive stress, lower than about 2 GPa, include the elastic precursor wave followed by the plastic wave, while the waveforms, NSC23766 Cell Cycle inhibitor recorded in the experiments with stronger loading, are characterized by a three-wave structure caused by the shock-induced B1 -> B2 phase transformation

in KBr. On the basis of the recorded velocity histories, the temperature dependences of the shear stress tau(I) acting at the primary glide systems of KBr, of the transformation pressure p(tr), and of the characteristic transformation time t(tr) were determined. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3486015]“
“The development of meiotic division and associated genetic recombination paved the way for evolutionary changes. However, the secondary and tertiary structure and functional domains of many of the proteins involved in genetic recombination have not been studied in detail. We used the human Dmc1 gene product along with secondary and tertiary domain structures of Escherichia coli RecA protein to help determine the molecular structure and function of maize Dmc1, which is required for synaptonemal complex formation and cell cycle progression. The maize recombinase Dmc1 gene was cloned and characterized, using rice Dmc1 cDNA as an orthologue. The deduced amino acid sequence was used for elaborating its 3-D structure, and functional analysis was made with the CDD software, showing significant identity of the Dmc1 gene product in Zea mays with that of Homo sapiens.

, Goniothalamus albiflorus Ban. and Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Fin. & Gagnep. growing in Vietnam were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-coupled with mass spectrometry. -Pinene (1.7-50.0%), -pinene (tr-6.8%), -myrcene (tr-1.5%), (E)–ocimene (tr-4.6%),

-caryophyllene (9.9-12.8%), aromadendrene (0.2-6.0%), -humulene (1.7-6.9%), -cadinol (1.2-14.5%), -cadinene (0.1-10.3%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (0.2-1.9%) were common to the oil samples. -Pinene (50.0%) was the most abundant single constituent of the leaf oil of G. macrocalyx, whereas the major compounds of the stem were -cadinol (14.5%), -caryophyllene (10.3%) and octadecanoic acid (8.2%). Benzoic acid (18.4%), -caryophyllene (12.4%) and -pinene (10.3%) were present in the selleck inhibitor leaf of G. albiflorus, whereas limonene (21.2%), -caryophyllene (12.8%) and -phellandrene (9.3%) were identified in the stem. The leaf oil of G. tamirensis was characterised by abundance of -pinene (33.4%), viridiflorol check details (18.5%) and -caryophyllene (12.4%), whereas -gurjunene (11.2%), -caryophyllene (10.9%) and -cadinene (10.3%) predominates in the stem oil.”
“The present study

describes synthesis of a series of 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives and their evaluation for anthelmintic activity using Indian adult earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. The structure of the title compounds was elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data. The compounds 4-([2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetylamino) benzoic acid (3a), N-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]

acetamide (3c), N-benzyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3d), N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3f), 2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3h), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N’-phenylacetohydrazide PRIMA-1MET Apoptosis inhibitor (3k), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-(4-nitrophenyl) acetamide (3n) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3q) were found better to paralyze worms whereas N-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3c), N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3e), 4-([2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetylamino) benzoic acid (3j), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-ethyl acetamide (3l) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3q) were better to cause death of worms compared to the anthelmintic drug albendazole.”
“The interaction of nanometer particles with organic materials is important because of their increased use in many applications and their potential use in biosystems. We found that liquid crystals respond to nanometer particles differently depending on the surface functionalization of the nanoparticles using x rays and developed a phenomenological model to explain the differences that we observed. We found from the analysis of the peaks close to 0.

DESIGN: This randomised, open, multicentre, multinational study was conducted in 26 centres and included 1159 patients with smear-positive PTB. 4-FDC daily for 2 months then H+R for 4 months, or single preparations of H, R, Z and E for 2 months followed by H and R for 4 months were administered daily. Sputum smear conversion see more rates at 2, 4 and 6 months (end of treatment [EOT], primary endpoint) and at 9 and 12 months (follow-up) were measured, together with adverse events and the acceptability of the formulations.

RESULTS: Smear conversion rates for 4-FDC and ST at EOT were 80.4% (468/582 patients) vs. 82.7% (477/577) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, and

98.1% (404/412) vs. 98.6% (416/422) in the per-protocol (PP) subgroup. Non-inferiority of 4-FDC was demonstrated at month 2, EOT and follow-up in both the ITT and the PP populations. Overall numbers of adverse events were not significantly different between the groups.

CONCLUSION: The efficacy of the 4-FDC regimen was non-inferior to that of the ST regimens, but patient

acceptability significantly improved with 4-FDC.”
“Purpose: Success after laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) for ureteropelvic junction obstruction is determined based on renal scan (RS) results and patient symptomsultrasonography. The upright or prone position during RS may facilitate drainage. This study reports on outcomes after LP and robot-assisted pyeloplasty (RALP) and determines if patient position (supine vs prone) alters the results of VS-6063 the postoperative RS and surgical success. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of LP and RALP performed by one surgeon between 2005 and 2012 was performed. Follow-up consisted of RSultrasonography. BB-94 price The paired t test was used to assess for a significant difference between mean T-1/2 for supine vs prone

scans in each patient. Linear regression was used to determine if preoperative split renal function on the affected side or degree of preoperative hydronephrosis predicted difference in supine vs prone T-1/2. Results: There were 11 LP and 81 RALP performed; 84 had follow-up data. There were four (4.3%) failures. Thirty-eight patients had sufficient supine and prone RS for analysis. The difference in T-1/2 between supine and prone RS was significant (mean difference 10.18 +/- 27.28min, P=0.03). Strict success increased to 65.8% from 44.7% and combined strict plus technical success increasedt o 78.9% from 63.1% on prone vs supine RS. Split function and degree of hydronephrosis were not predictors of difference in RS results. Conclusions: LP and RALP have good technical results. Prone position for RS may facilitate drainage and may be a more accurate representation of postoperative outcome after pyeloplasty, particularly in equivocal cases.”
“Background: Non-coverage of households without a landline telephone is a major concern of telephone survey researchers.

Intensity rates were calculated with reference to calendar time instead of time after randomization in order to account for staggered enrollment and seasonal effects of malaria incidence. Associations of anaemia with anti-AMA1 antibody were further explored using a similar analysis.

Results: BMS202 inhibitor A strong effect of vaccine on the incidence of anaemia (risk ratio [AMA1-C1 to comparator (Hiberix)]= 2.01, 95% confidence interval [1.26,3.20]) was demonstrated even after adjusting for baseline haemoglobin, haemoglobinopathies, and age, and using more sophisticated statistical models. Anti-AMA1 antibody levels were not associated with this effect.

Conclusions:

While these additional analyses show a robust effect of vaccination on anaemia, this is an intensive exploration of secondary results and should, therefore, be interpreted with caution. Possible mechanisms of the apparent adverse effect on haemoglobin of vaccination with AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel and implications for blood stage vaccine development are discussed. The potential impact on malaria-associated anaemia should be closely evaluated in clinical trials of AMA1 and other blood stage vaccines

in malaria-exposed populations.”
“Many neurons have epochs in which they fire action potentials in an approximately periodic fashion. To see what effects noise of relatively small amplitude has on such repetitive activity we recently examined the response of the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) space-clamped system to such noise as the mean and variance of the applied current vary, near the bifurcation Q-VD-Oph purchase to periodic firing. This article is concerned with a more realistic neuron model which includes spatial extent. Employing the Hodgkin-Huxley partial differential equation system, the deterministic component of the input current is restricted to a small segment whereas the stochastic component extends over a region which may or may not overlap the deterministic component. For mean values below, near and above the critical values for repetitive spiking, the effects of weak noise of increasing strength selleck inhibitor is ascertained by simulation. As in the point model, small amplitude

noise near the critical value dampens the spiking activity and leads to a minimum as noise level increases. This was the case for both additive noise and conductance-based noise. Uniform noise along the whole neuron is only marginally more effective in silencing the cell than noise which occurs near the region of excitation. In fact it is found that if signal and noise overlap in spatial extent, then weak noise may inhibit spiking. If, however, signal and noise are applied on disjoint intervals, then the noise has no effect on the spiking activity, no matter how large its region of application, though the trajectories are naturally altered slightly by noise. Such effects could not be discerned in a point model and are important for real neuron behavior.

The hydrogel was synthesized by chemical crosslinking of PVA with

potassium persulphate and the crosslinking reaction parameters were optimized. The developed hydrogel check details was found to possess excellent mechanical properties, high water absorption capacity, gel content, and optimum water vapor transmission rate, indicating its ability to act as an effective wound dressing material. The inherent nontoxic characteristics of PVA remained unaltered after crosslinking. The in vitro diffusion studies of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model protein, indicated a relatively slow release of protein resulting from its microencapsulation in the polymeric matrix. For in vivo studies, full-thickness excision wounds (2 x 2 cm(2)) were made on the dorsal Surface of rats. The hydrogel was applied on the Wound and changed at regular intervals. For comparison of wound heating ability, a radiation Tubastatin A crosslinked PVA-based hydrogel, “”HiZel”" was used as a reference control. The wounds treated with PVA hydrogel healed faster as indicated by an increased rate of wound contraction (16.5 days versus 22.0 in control group). Treatment with “”Hizel”" led to increase in hydroxyproline in the wound

tissue, whereas treatment with PVA hydrogel led to increase in both hydroxyproline as well as hexosamine. This probably provides added strength to the tissue, thereby indicating that PVA hydrogel had higher efficacy than “”Hizel”". The results suggest that chemically crosslinked PVA hydrogel could be used as an effective wound dressing material. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 1400-1408, 2009″
“Al-doped ZnCoO films were grown by sol-gel process onto SiO2 and Si(100) substrates. Structural analysis shows that all samples have the hexagonal wurtzite structure with a slight preferential selleck products orientation along the c-axis. The insertion of Al and Co into the ZnO matrix has been experimentally evidenced by UV-visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This is further supported by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

which indicated that all Co is under ionic form and that the samples contain no metallic clusters. The creation of free carriers by Al doping was confirmed by Hall effect and resistance measurements. Although a weak ferromagnetism is observed in all films, no clear influence of Al doping on the magnetic properties is evidenced which is in agreement with electronic structure calculations. The calculations show clearly that there is almost no overlap between the Al and the Co states, suggesting no change in the magnetic properties of ZnCoO with the Al doping. The only major role of Al is to change the conduction type of ZnCoO from p to n type. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.

Physicians should consider diagnosis of SS in patients with clinical suspicious history as sometimes skin manifestations are the first sign of systemic presentation of disease.”
“Objective: The choice of a shock-first or a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)-first strategy in the treatment of prolonged cardiac arrest (CA) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of these strategies on oxygen

metabolism and resuscitation outcomes in a porcine model of 8 min CA.

Methods: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced. After 8 min of untreated VF, 24 male inbred Wu-Zhi-Shan miniature pigs were randomized to receive either defibrillation first (ID group) selleck chemicals or chest compression first (IC group). In the ID group, a shock was delivered immediately. If the defibrillation attempt failed to attain restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), manual chest compressions were rapidly initiated at a rate of 100 compressions min(-1), and the compression-to-ventilation ratio was 30:2. If VF persisted after five cycles of CPR, a second defibrillation attempt was made. In the IC group,

chest compressions were delivered first, followed by a shock.

Results: Hemodynamic variables, the VF waveform and Panobinostat purchase blood gas analysis outcomes were recorded. Oxygen metabolism parameters and the amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) of the VF waveform were computed. There were no significant differences in the rate of ROSC and 24 h survival between two groups. The ID group had lower lactic acid levels, higher cardiac output, R406 manufacturer better oxygen consumption and better oxygen extraction ratio at 4 and 6 h after ROSC than the IC group.

Conclusions: In a porcine model of prolonged CA, the choice of a shock-first or CPR-first

strategy did not affect the rate of ROSC and 24 h survival, but the shock-first strategy might result in better hemodynamic status and better oxygen metabolism than the CPR-first strategy at the first 6 h after ROSC. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibition-directed fractionations on the ethanolic extract of Artocarpus nobilis of Sri Lankan origin yielded four known triterpenoids, cyclolaudenyl acetate (1), lupeol acetate (2), beta-amyrine acetate (3), and zizphursolic acid (4), along with five known flavonoids, artonins E (5), artobiloxanthone (6) artoindonesianin U (7), cyclocommunol (8) and multiflorins A (9). Our recent chemical studies on the methanolic extract of Matricaria chamomilla, collected from Manitoba, afforded one new compound, matriisobenzofuran (10), and six known natural products, fraxidin (11), scopoletin (12), apigenin (13), apigenin 7-O-beta-glucopyranoside (14), palmatoside A (15) and p-hydroxyacetophenone (16). Compounds 1-16 were identified with the aid of extensive NMR and MS spectral data. Compounds 1-16 exhibited a wide range of GST inhibition activity.

Objective: The aim of our study was to analyze the potential association between coffee drinking in middle age and cognitive performance in old age in a large sample of Finnish twins.

Design: Coffee consumption and other baseline variables of 2606 middle-aged Finnish twins were assessed in 1975 and 1981 by postal questionnaires. After the median follow-up of 28 y, their cognitive status was measured by using a validated telephone interview questionnaire.

Results: Coffee consumption was high and associated with educational

level and several other baseline variables. After adjustment for these variables, linear regression analysis showed that coffee consumption was not an independent predictor of cognitive performance in old age (beta = -0.12 test score units per coffee cup; 95% CI: -0.27, 0.04). No consistent differences in coffee consumption and cognitive score were observed within discordant twin pairs. Also, coffee drinking did not affect the risk of selleck chemical PF-562271 manufacturer mild cognitive impairment or dementia.

Conclusions: Coffee drinking is associated with many sociodemographic and health

variables, but our results do not support an independent role of coffee in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and dementia. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:640-6.”
“A bioflocculant, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC), was developed by the quaternization of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CMC) and characterized by FUR, (1)H-NMR, GPC, and potentiometry. The efficiency of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in printing wastewater by this

flocculant was further reported. Results indicated that the capacity of QCMC to remove the COD from tested wastewater was the best one among the investigated flocculants. The pH had great influence on this capacity and the suitable pH for QCMC to treat the tested wastewater was about 5.0. The utilization of aid-flocculant, www.sellecn.cn/products/brigatinib-ap26113.html especially bentonite, could improve this capacity obviously, and the increase of mass ratio of bentonite to QCMC resulted in the increase of the capacities of complex flocculant to remove the COD from the tested wastewater. When the mass ratio of bentonite to QCMC was 40, pH of wastewater was 5.0 and amount of complex flocculant in the wastewater was from 2500 to 3142 mg L(-1), the removal ratio of COD was more than 80%. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 299-305, 2010″
“The work is devoted to the theory of meltblown polymer jets. Polymer jets are experiencing strong stretching and flapping being subjected to the pulling action of a high speed surrounding axisymmetric gas jet. The bending perturbations of polymer melt jets are triggered by the surrounding turbulent eddies and enhanced by the distributed lift force acting on the jets. We study first growth of small perturbations in the framework of the linear stability theory. Then, the fully nonlinear case of large-amplitude planar bending perturbations of polymer jet is solved numerically.